Taking as an example the Kadazandusun community like the former six it is a speech community. There are many tribes—about eight major ones and several sub-tribes, but they are one ethnic community, Kadazandusun. The Muruts too are one ethnic community of several tribes; and so are the Bajaus and the Iranuns.
They too speak the same language differentiated only by dialects under the category of Kadazandusun, the following are the same speech community, namely: 1) Kuijau (Keningau), 2) Tatana (Kuala Penyu), 3) Lotud (Tuaran), 4) Kitnaragang (Kota Marudu-Tandek), 5)Tangaa (Penampang-Papar-Kimanis), 6) Rungus, 7) Liwan (Ranau-Tambunan), 8) Bisaya (Beaufort-Padas Valley).The sub-tribes are the Tobilung, Garo, Tuhanon, Gana, Kuriou, Sukang, Bundu, Sonsogon, Tindal or Ida-aan They are found in Kota Belud and have similar dialects as the Liwan (10 in all),Other sub-tribes are people whoseclassification falls under the Paitan group because they come from Paitan, namely Langkabau, Abai Sungai, Tombinuo, Dumpas, Lobu, Minokok, Segama,Rumanau, Tmagas, Mangkaak, Ngabai,Banggi, Talantang (13 in all). These are all place names upon which thesepeople identify themselves, yet there are other sub-tribes of Kadazandusun and closer m dialects to the Rungus These are Pilapan, Nulu,Gonsomon, Tuhawon, Makiang, Malapi, Sinapuru, Sinabu, Kolobuan, Pmgas and I utung (13 in all)
These sub-tribes are so called also because of the places they come from, Thus a "Bundu" is a group of similar speech Kadazandusun who reside in Kg Bundu m Kuala Penyu Most of the sub-tribes mentioned prefer to call themselves by the places or kampungs they come from.Thus, we have Kadazandusuns who call themselves Sonsogon or Gana, or Talantang because they come from these kampungs The Murut, meanwhile, have similarlanguages and these are Selungai, Kolud, Serudung, Sembakung, Kalabakan, Baukan, Sumambu, Pauluan, Tnnogun and Lundayo In my book, there are no 40 or 90 ethnic communities in Sabah We have 1) Bunuputra, or Indigenous ethnic groups,which are divided into the (2) original indigenous and the immigrant indigenous, (3) the Chinese and (4) the Indians. One should also include the Filipinos, the COCOS Malays and the BugisThe Filipinos include the Suluks and Bajaus The Cocos Malays arrived here some 50 years ago. They came from the Cocos (Keelings) Islands, now part of Australia Most Cocos islanders are found in Balung, and Kampung Cocos m Lahad Datu The community is known as "Creole" who speak a kind of English, Spanish and French Collins, a senior research fellow at University Kebangsaan Malaysia Institute of the Malay World and Civilization, wrote that "Creole" settlements could be found in Malacca, Penang, Kelantan as well as in Sabah at Lahad Datu, Semporna and Tawan. The "Creole", he mentioned, are the Cocos Malays or islanders The original or native indigenous are those the Kadazandusun category; the second indigenous community are the immigrant natives, namely the Ba the Rugis and Suluk These latter ate mostly Muslims by religion, whereas the first category comprises a mixture of Christians (Tangaa and Liwan etc), Muslims (Bisay Tidong and Kedayan) and animists.
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