By Eric Vandenbroeck and co-workers

Sectarian hate

Since the fall of former Syrian President Bashar Assad a year ago, dozens of women from the Alawite religious sect have been subjected to kidnappings and sexual assault, according to rights groups. In many cases, the attacks appear to be by Sunni extremists and jihadis motivated by sectarian hate.

That has raised suspicions that some are allies or former allies of Hayat Tahrir al-Sham, the Islamist insurgent force that overthrew Assad and was led by Ahmed al-Sharaa, now Syria’s interim president. Foreign jihadi fighters and Syrian extremists fought alongside HTS during Syria’s yearslong civil war.

Agnes Callamard, secretary-general of Amnesty International, said the kidnappings “cannot be denied.” The problem, she said, “cannot be pushed away because it’s disturbing or because it’s undermining the message and the image of authorities.”

Syria’s Interior Ministry spokesman did not respond to repeated questions on the assaults.

The AP interviewed two rape victims and one kidnapping victim, in addition to family members of four others subjected to assaults that, in three cases, included rape. All spoke on condition they remain anonymous, fearing reprisals. One said she feared authorities would not protect her and later asked the AP not to cite her account.

All women and relatives interviewed by the AP said they informed security forces about what happened to them, and authorities took their testimonies. It was not clear if the authorities followed up further or if any arrests were made.

 

A problem that cannot be denied.

Amnesty International said earlier this year it had received credible reports of at least 36 Alawite women and girls abducted between February and July. The kidnappings took place in the heartland of the Alawite population, in coastal Latakia and Tartous provinces, and neighboring Homs and Hama.

Although on a much smaller scale, the attacks recall dark memories of the Islamic State group’s enslavement of thousands of Yazidi women for rape a decade ago in Iraq. Some Sunni extremists consider Alawites heretics and believe it is religiously permitted to take their women as sex slaves. Others have targeted Alawites in revenge for atrocities against Sunnis during the 54-year rule of the Assad family, when there were widespread reports of sexual violence against women in detention centers.

The attacks against women have intensified since March, when clashes between Assad supporters and security forces spiraled into sectarian atrocities in which hundreds of civilians were killed, mostly Alawites, at the hands of pro-government fighters.

The Interior Ministry committee investigated 42 cases of alleged kidnappings, but only found one to be a real abduction, ministry spokesman Nour al-Din al-Baba said in mid-November. The committee found that the rest were false claims or instances where a woman ran off with a romantic partner or fled domestic abuse, or cases of blackmail or prostitution, he said, without providing evidence.

The ministry report “has nothing to do with reality,” says Rami Abdurrahman, who heads the Britain-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, a war monitor.

 

‘Constant fear’

The woman snatched in the van said her three abductors were Syrians wearing black uniforms, though she couldn’t see distinctive insignia on them. During the drive, they passed several checkpoints but were waved through without being stopped or searched, she said.

Dozens of armed men were in the building where she was held, she said. “I felt like it’s done, I will be dead. I did not expect to return at all,” she said.

On the third day, a masked man raped her. Later, a man the gunmen called Abu Mohammed came and ordered them to release her, saying her kidnapping was getting too much attention on social media. The next day, she was raped again by a masked man, though she could not tell if it was the same man.

After a week in captivity, the gunmen dropped her off in a village in Hama province. A woman found her and took her into her home, where she called a relative.

After returning home, she went to a gynecologist and discovered she was pregnant. She managed to get an abortion, although abortion is illegal in Syria.

Her husband at first accepted what happened to her, but within days, he suddenly changed his mind and decided to divorce her and marry another woman. “He was not a man up to the responsibility,” she said.

Now living with her young son, she said she wanted to leave Syria.

“I live in constant fear,” she said.

 

Foreign fighters

Another woman said two of her female relatives, one of them a teenager, were taken by foreign fighters from a street in March. According to the relative’s account, the two were held in the basement of a house several hours away. There, the teenager was raped by the same man for 10 days until he left. The other woman was raped by another person for about two months, after which they were set free.

Another victim, who was 19, said she was taken in early July by three masked foreign fighters, an Iraqi and two non-Arabs.

“You Alawites are filthy infidels,” one of the men told her. When she tried to argue and begged for her life, he hit her head against the windshield until she bled.

She was locked in a basement of the Iraqi’s home. He threatened to kill her if she didn’t let him touch her. When she started screaming, he left, fearing neighbors would hear, she said.

She said she tried to kill herself by breaking a glass and cutting her vein, but the cut was not deep enough.

The next day, the Iraqi told her that his “emir,” a term used by jihadis to refer to their leader, had decided to set her free “on the condition that you learn about Islam.” The next morning, he put her in the car with his wife and children. On the way, he told her not to tell people she had been kidnapped but to say she’d left home of her own will to learn about Islam. They stopped, and he bought her sweets from a store, then dropped her off at a taxi station in Idlib city, she said.

Not long after returning home, a state investigator came to her family's home and questioned her about what happened. She identified the Iraqi through security footage from the sweets shop. But it is not known if he was arrested, and officials did not comment when asked.

Fearing reprisals, the family fled Syria.

 

 

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